Antipsychotic drugs
*Drugs used to relieve the symptoms of schizophrenia and other conditions with psychotic symptoms
Atypical Antidepressants
*Miscellaneous group of drugs with antidepressant effects but only mild side effects
Bipolar Disorder
*A condition that alternates between depression and mania
Bipolar I Disorder
*Condition including full-blown episodes of mania
Bipolar II Disorder
*Condition with milder manic phases and depression
Butyrophenones
*A chemical family that includes antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol) that relieve the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Chlorphromazine
*Thorazine – antipsychotic drug that relieves the positive symptoms of schizophrenia for most, though not all, patients
Concordance
*Similarity between individuals with regard to a trait
Delusions
*False beliefs
Differential Diagnosis
*One that rules out other conditions with similar symptoms
Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia
*Idea that schizophrenia results from excess activity at dopamine synapses in certain brain areas
Electroconvulsive Therapy
*ECT – a treatment for depression by electrically inducing a seizure
Glutamate Hypothesis of Schizophrenia
*Proposal that schizophrenia relates in part to deficient activity at glutamate synapses, especially in the prefrontal cortex
Lithium
*A simple salt often used in the treatment of bipolar disorder
Major Depression
*A condition in which people feel sad and helpless every day for weeks at a time
Mania
*A condition characterized by restless activity, excitement, laughter, over self-confidence, rambling speech, and loss of inhibitions
Mesolimbocortical System
*A set of neurons that project from the midbrain tegmentum to the limbic system
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
*MAOIs – Drugs that block the enzyme monoamine oxidase and used in the treatment of depression
Negative Symptoms
*A absence of behaviors ordinarily seen in normal people, e.g. lack of emotional expression
Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis
*Proposal that schizophrenia begins with abnormalities in the prenatal or neonatal development of the nervous system, based on either genetics or other influences
Phencyclidine
*PCP – drug that inhibits the NMDA receptors
Phenothiazines
*A chemical family that includes antipsychotic drugs (chlorpromazine) that relieve the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Positive Symptoms
*Presence of behaviors not seen in normal individuals, e.g., hallucinations
Postpartum Depression
*Major depression that occurs after giving birth
Schizophrenia
*A psychotic disorder characterized by a deteriorating ability to function in everyday life and by some combination of positive and negative symptoms
Seasonal Affective Disorder
*SAD – Depression that recurs during a particular season, such as winter
Season-of-Birth Effect
*Tendency for people born in winter to have a slightly greater probability of developing schizophrenia than people born at other times of the year
Second-generation Antipsychotics
*Drugs that alleviate the symptoms of schizophrenia without producing serious movement side effects
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
*Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin and used in the treatment of depression
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
*Drugs that block the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine and used in the treatment of depression
Tardive Dyskinesia
*A movement disorder characterized by tremors and other involuntary movements; associated with the use of neuroleptic agents
Tricyclics
*Antidepressant drugs that block the reuptake of catecholamines and serotonin
Unipolar Depression
*Major depressive disorder with no manic or hypomanic episodes
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