Drugs that block NMDA synapses:

    a.    interfere with the maintenance of LTP.
    b.    facilitate the establishment of LTP.
    *c.    prevent the establishment of LTP.
    d.    facilitate the maintenance of LTP.

In operant conditioning, an individual's response leads to a reinforcer or punishment.

*True  
False 

Which is known to be critical for long-term potentiation?

    *a.    A massive inflow of calcium.
    b.    High levels of magnesium.
    c.    Only one axon being active at a time.
    d.    The absence of NMDA receptors.

Procedural memory deals with the ability to state a memory in words.

True  
*False 

Which of the following is NOT a way in which CaMKII facilitates LTP?

    *a.    Neurons decrease dendritic branching.
    b.    Neurons produce more NMDA receptors.
    c.    Dendrites build more AMPA receptors.
    d.    Individual AMPA receptors become more active.

LTP depends mainly on changes at ________ synapses.

    a.    norepinephrine
    b.    dopamine
    c.    GABA
    *d.    glutamate

Drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease affect activity of the cortex by enhancing the effects of acetylcholine.

*True  
False  

After LTP is established, NMDA receptors are not required to maintain it.

*True  
False  

If there is a burst of many stimulations to the mammalian nervous system during a one to four second period, it will result in:

    *a.    long-term potentiation of the cell's response to stimuli.
    b.    inhibition of the cell's response to stimuli for a few seconds.
    c.    long-term inhibition of the cell's response to stimuli.
    d.    potentiation of the cell's response to stimuli for a few seconds.

Strong stimulation anywhere on the skin of an Aplysia excites axons that attach to receptors and:

    a.    opens sodium channels in the membrane.
    *b.    closes potassium channels in the membrane.
    c.    opens potassium channels in the membrane.
    d.    closes sodium channels in the membrane.

Information in short term memory is lost more easily than long term memory.

*True  
False  

Lashley was able to determine that the frontal lobe cortex is more important for memories than the parietal lobe cortex.

True  
*False

One line of research that initially appeared promising, but has since faded, was to study learning in decapitated:

    a.    rats.
    b.    fish.
    c.    monkeys.
    *d.    cockroaches.

One area, whose cells arouse the rest of the cortex, suffers consistent damage during Alzheimer's disease. This area is the:

    a.    hippocampus.
    b.    thalamus.
    *c.    basal forebrain.
    d.    hypothalamus.

HM was unable to form any kind of new memories after his surgery.

True  
*False  

Research with rats suggests that the risk for Alzheimer's disease can be reduced by eating a diet rich in:

    a.    protein.
    b.    thiamine.
    c.    carbohydrates.
    *d.    antioxidants.

Alzheimer's is associated with brain damage as a result of:

    a.    loss of cell bodies in the dorsomedial thalamus.
    *b.    tangles and plaques in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
    c.    loss of the fibers connecting the substantia nigra to the basal ganglia.
    d.    an epileptic focus in the temporal lobe of the cortex.

Who is most likely to develop Korsakoff's syndrome?

    *a.    chronic alcoholics
    b.    those exposed to chronic stress
    c.    vegetarians
    d.    certain ethnic groups

Thiamine is necessary for the proper metabolism of glucose.

*True  
False  

Hippocampal damage has the greatest effect on:

    *a.    the delayed match-to-sample task when the two objects are continuously changed.
    b.    the delayed match-to-sample task when the same two objects are used over and over again.
    c.    procedural memory.
    d.    the delayed nonmatch-to-sample task when the same two objects are used over and over again.