For a group of individuals, the heritability score for a particular trait = .5. What can be said about the heredity of this trait?

For a group of individuals, the heritability score for a particular trait = .5. What can be said about the heredity of this trait?

a. Hereditary differences account for all of the observed differences for this group of individuals.
b. Hereditary differences account for none of the observed differences for this group of individuals.
c. Hereditary differences account for some of the observed differences for this group of individuals.
d. The differences found within this group are mostly due to differences in the environment.

If a group of individuals shares a highly similar environment, what effect does this have on the heritability estimate of a characteristic?

If a group of individuals shares a highly similar environment, what effect does this have on the heritability estimate of a characteristic?

a. Heritability will be low.
b. Heritability will be high.
c. Heritability estimates will be unaffected.
d. It is determined by the power of the environmental factors.

What are the chances of having a child with at least one dominant gene if both parents are heterozygous?

What are the chances of having a child with at least one dominant gene if both parents are heterozygous?

a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 100%
e. Can't determine

On a given trait, high heritability suggests that:

On a given trait, high heritability suggests that:

a. adopted children will closely resemble their biological parents.
b. adopted children will closely resemble their adoptive parents.
c. identical twins will be less similar to each other than adopted siblings.
d. fraternal twins will be more similar to each other than identical twins.

Under what conditions are the effects of sex-limited genes demonstrated?

Under what conditions are the effects of sex-limited genes demonstrated?

a. When they are dominant
b. When they are homozygous
c. When particular hormones are present
d. When they appear on the X chromosome

Which of the following is the BEST explanation for why males can grow breasts under certain hormonal conditions?

Which of the following is the BEST explanation for why males can grow breasts under certain hormonal conditions?

a. Sex-linked genes become activated.
b. The Y chromosome becomes activated.
c. Sex-limited genes become activated.
d. Breast growth is linked to color vision deficiency.

A gene is found that controls the age at which a man grows bald, if at all. That gene seldom affects women, even if they have the gene. What kind of gene is this MOST likely to be?

A gene is found that controls the age at which a man grows bald, if at all. That gene seldom affects women, even if they have the gene. What kind of gene is this MOST likely to be?

a. an X-linked gene
b. a sex-limited gene
c. a sex-linked dominant gene
d. a sex-linked recessive gene

Sex-limited genes are present:

Sex-limited genes are present:

a. in males only.
b. in females only.
c. in both sexes.
d. on enzymes.

Sex-limited genes are found on:

Sex-limited genes are found on:

a. X chromosomes only.
b. Y chromosomes only.
c. X AND Y chromosomes.
d. any chromosomes.

Males are more likely than females to exhibit color vision deficiency because of a gene that is:

Males are more likely than females to exhibit color vision deficiency because of a gene that is:

a. sex-limited.
b. recessive and sex-linked.
c. crossing over.
d. dominant and sex-linked.

Genes located on the sex chromosomes are called:

Genes located on the sex chromosomes are called:

a. sex-linked.
b. sex-limited.
c. autosomal.
d. recombination.

Color vision deficiency is more common in males than in females because it is controlled by a:

Color vision deficiency is more common in males than in females because it is controlled by a:

a. sex-limited gene.
b. Y-linked gene.
c. dominant X-linked gene.
d. recessive X-linked gene.

An example of a sex-linked trait is:

An example of a sex-linked trait is:

a. eye color.
b. color vision deficiency.
c. temperament.
d. intelligence.

If a characteristic is controlled by an X-linked recessive gene, it produces its apparent effects:

If a characteristic is controlled by an X-linked recessive gene, it produces its apparent effects:

a. more often in males.
b. more often in females.
c. only in childhood.
d. only after puberty.

In general, when biologists speak of sex-linked genes they are referring to genes on:

In general, when biologists speak of sex-linked genes they are referring to genes on:

a. autosomal chromosomes.
b. more than one chromosome.
c. the X chromosome.
d. the Y chromosome.

In humans, which chromosome(s) contain(s) few genes?

In humans, which chromosome(s) contain(s) few genes?

a. All human chromosomes contain few genes.
b. Both the X and Y chromosomes contain few genes.
c. The X chromosome contains few genes.
d. The Y chromosome contains few genes.

Which of the following pairs of sex chromosomes would be found in a normal male mammal?

Which of the following pairs of sex chromosomes would be found in a normal male mammal?

a. XX
b. XY
c. YY
d. YZ

An autosomal gene is a gene:

An autosomal gene is a gene:

a. on the X chromosome.
b. on the Y chromosome.
c. on any chromosome other than the X or Y chromosome.
d. that shows no evidence of crossing over.

Almost all humans have 23 pairs of which of the following?

Almost all humans have 23 pairs of which of the following?

a. RNA
b. Chromosomes
c. Genes
d. Corduroys
e. Veins

Suppose that adopted children are more similar to their biological parents than their adoptive parents in their preferences for a flavor of ice cream. Which of the following would be true?

Suppose that adopted children are more similar to their biological parents than their adoptive parents in their preferences for a flavor of ice cream. Which of the following would be true?

a. Heritability of this trait is high.
b. Preferences for ice cream are determined solely by the environment.
c. Flavors of ice cream are naturally selected.
d. Heritability of this trait is low.

A trait not expressed when combined with a dominant trait is called a(n) ____ trait.

A trait not expressed when combined with a dominant trait is called a(n) ____ trait.

a. nurture
b. recessive
c. dominant
d. homozygous

Suppose all people with blonde hair have blue eyes and all people with dark hair have brown eyes. Which of the following would be the most likely explanation?

Suppose all people with blonde hair have blue eyes and all people with dark hair have brown eyes. Which of the following would be the most likely explanation?

a. Hair color is dominant over eye color.
b. There is no genetic variability in hair or eye color in the population.
c. Blue eyes are dominant over brown eyes.
d. Hair and eye color are on the same chromosome.

Suppose all people with blonde hair have blue eyes and all people with dark hair have brown eyes. If the genes for eye and hair color are on the same chromosome, then what would most likely happen if these chromosomes crossed over?

Suppose all people with blonde hair have blue eyes and all people with dark hair have brown eyes. If the genes for eye and hair color are on the same chromosome, then what would most likely happen if these chromosomes crossed over?

a. Hair and eye color could be inherited independently.
b. All people with dark hair would have brown eyes.
c. All people with blonde hair will have brown eyes.
d. Hair color would be dominant over eye color.

In one family, all three children are homozygous for a recessive gene. What can be concluded about the parents?

In one family, all three children are homozygous for a recessive gene. What can be concluded about the parents?

a. Each parent is also homozygous for the recessive gene.
b. Each parent is heterozygous.
c. One parent is homozygous for the dominant gene; the other is homozygous for the recessive gene.
d. Each parent is either homozygous for the recessive gene or heterozygous.

Suppose both the father and the mother are "heterozygous" for the gene that controls ability to curl the tongue lengthwise, and this gene is dominant. What can we predict about their children?

Suppose both the father and the mother are "heterozygous" for the gene that controls ability to curl the tongue lengthwise, and this gene is dominant. What can we predict about their children?

a. All will be heterozygous for the ability to curl.
b. All will be homozygous for the ability to curl.
c. All will be homozygous for the inability to curl.
d. They may be homozygous or heterozygous for ability to curl, or homozygous for inability.

Suppose "A" is a dominant gene for the ability to curl the tongue lengthwise, and "a" is a recessive gene for inability to do so. Which of the following couples can be certain that all their children will be able to curl their tongue lengthwise?

Suppose "A" is a dominant gene for the ability to curl the tongue lengthwise, and "a" is a recessive gene for inability to do so. Which of the following couples can be certain that all their children will be able to curl their tongue lengthwise?

a. father aa, mother AA
b. father Aa, mother Aa
c. father aa, mother aa
d. father Aa, mother aa

Suppose "A" is a dominant gene for the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide and "a" is a recessive gene for inability to taste it. Which of the following couples could possibly have both a child who tastes it and a child who does not?

Suppose "A" is a dominant gene for the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide and "a" is a recessive gene for inability to taste it. Which of the following couples could possibly have both a child who tastes it and a child who does not?

a. father AA, mother aa
b. father Aa, mother AA
c. father Aa, mother Aa
d. father AA, mother AA

Suppose "A" is a dominant gene and "a" is a recessive gene. One parent has genes Aa and the other parent has genes aa. What genes will the children probably have?

Suppose "A" is a dominant gene and "a" is a recessive gene. One parent has genes Aa and the other parent has genes aa. What genes will the children probably have?

a. All will be AA.
b. All will be aa.
c. Three-fourths will be Aa, one-fourth aa.
d. Half will be Aa, half aa.

Recessive genes manifest their effects only when the individual is ____ for them.

Recessive genes manifest their effects only when the individual is ____ for them.

a. sex limited
b. homo sapien
c. homozygous
d. heterozygous

A person with two recessive genes is considered to be ____ for that trait.

A person with two recessive genes is considered to be ____ for that trait.

a. homozygous
b. heterozygous
c. unitary
d. marginal

RNA is:

RNA is:

a. an exact copy of DNA.
b. a complementary copy of one strand of a DNA molecule.
c. a combination of many proteins.
d. the product of digesting DNA.

Chemically, what is the route from genes to their expression?

Chemically, what is the route from genes to their expression?

a. DNA to proteins to RNA
b. DNA to RNA to proteins
c. proteins to DNA to RNA
d. RNA to DNA to proteins

Interruption of the production of RNA would directly affect which of the following?

Interruption of the production of RNA would directly affect which of the following?

a. protein synthesis
b. carbohydrate production
c. sex hormone release
d. production of DNA

Enzymes serve as ____.

Enzymes serve as ____.

a. genetic templates
b. physiological markers of chemical reactions in the body
c. biological catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in the body
d. catalysts for the synthesis of protein molecules

Biological catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in the body are called:

Biological catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in the body are called:

a. enzymes.
b. DNA.
c. RNA.
d. nuclei.

A strand of DNA serves as a template (model) for the synthesis of ____.

A strand of DNA serves as a template (model) for the synthesis of ____.

a. chromosomes
b. RNA
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates

Chromosomes consist of large, double-stranded molecules of:

Chromosomes consist of large, double-stranded molecules of:

a. deoxyribonucleic acid.
b. ribonucleic acid.
c. autosomal genes.
d. recombination genes.

What are chromosomes composed of?

What are chromosomes composed of?

a. DNA
b. RNA
c. proteins
d. carbohydrates

Units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another are:

Units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another are:

a. enzymes.
b. mutations.
c. nucleic acids.
d. genes.

The results of several studies of facial expressions in people who were born blind suggest:

The results of several studies of facial expressions in people who were born blind suggest:

a. a minor role for genetics in the control of facial expressions.
b. a major role for genetics as well as environment in the control of facial expressions.
c. no role of genetics in the control of facial expressions.
d. no role of genetics but a major role of environment in the control of facial expressions.

When researchers try to estimate the heritability of a human behavior, what are the main kinds of individuals they consider?

When researchers try to estimate the heritability of a human behavior, what are the main kinds of individuals they consider?

a. Twins and adopted children
b. People from non-western cultures
c.  Newborns and infants
d. Uneducated people living in educated societies

Of the following, which person is MOST likely to deal exclusively with brain disorders?

Of the following, which person is MOST likely to deal exclusively with brain disorders?

a. social worker
b. physical therapist
c. clinical psychologist
d. neurologist

Which of the following specialists would be MOST interested in changes in heart rate when students are taking an exam?

Which of the following specialists would be MOST interested in changes in heart rate when students are taking an exam?

a. neurologist
b. sociobiologist
c. psychophysiologist
d. neuroscientist

A psychiatrist:

A psychiatrist:

a. helps people with emotional distress.
b. performs brain surgery.
c. treats people with brain damage.
d. relates behaviors to the functions they have served in their evolutionary past.

Which of the following specialists is MOST likely to work with people with brain damage?

Which of the following specialists is MOST likely to work with people with brain damage?

a. comparative psychologist
b. biopsychologist
c. neuropsychologist
d. psychobiologist

Which of the following specialists is MOST likely to hold a medical degree?

Which of the following specialists is MOST likely to hold a medical degree?

a. behavioral neuroscientist
b. neurologist
c. biopsychologist
d. neuropsychologist

A medical degree is MOST likely held by which specialist?

A medical degree is MOST likely held by which specialist?

a. behavioral neuroscientist
b. neurologist
c. biopsychologist
d. neuropsychologist

A comparative psychologist:

A comparative psychologist:

a. compares the reactions different people have in similar situations.
b. considers the evolutionary histories of different species and their behaviors.
c. compares nervous system responses of different people.
d. helps people with emotional distress.

A neuropsychologist ____.

A neuropsychologist ____.

a. has an M.D. and specializes in the treatment of brain damage
b. conducts research on animal behavior (similar to an ethologist)
c. is more often a teacher than a practitioner
d. tests the abilities and disabilities of brain-damaged people

Someone who investigates how the functioning of the brain and other organs influences behavior is called a:

Someone who investigates how the functioning of the brain and other organs influences behavior is called a:

a. sociobiologist.
b. neuropsychologist.
c. behavioral neuroscientist.
d. comparative psychologist.

A researcher is interested in how the nervous system responds when the organism is in a certain emotional situation. This researcher might be identified as a(n):

A researcher is interested in how the nervous system responds when the organism is in a certain emotional situation. This researcher might be identified as a(n):

a. neuroscientist.
b. neurosurgeon.
c. sociobiologist.
d. comparative psychologist.

Which of the following careers is MOST different than the others?

Which of the following careers is MOST different than the others?

a. Behavioral neuroscientist
b. Neuropsychologist
c. Psychophysiologist
d. Psychiatrist

According to Chalmers, knowing why and how brain activity is associated with consciousness is the:

According to Chalmers, knowing why and how brain activity is associated with consciousness is the:

a. mentalistic debate.
b. hard problem.
c. easy problem.
d. problem of other minds.

Chalmers’ fundamental “hard problem” is:

Chalmers’ fundamental “hard problem” is:

a. knowing why we sleep.
b. understanding how neurotransmitters are created.
c. wondering how someone could be a dualist.
d. why and how brain activity is associated with consciousness.

According to David Chalmers, consciousness is:

According to David Chalmers, consciousness is:

a. a fundamental property of matter.
b. not necessary for brain functioning.
c. easy to observe.
d. independent of the brain.

Social workers and clinical psychologists need to be able to recognize possible signs of brain disorder so that they can:

Social workers and clinical psychologists need to be able to recognize possible signs of brain disorder so that they can:

a. set up treatment.
b. refer the client to the proper specialist.
c. construct a behavior plan.
d. monitor progress.

The field of biological psychology presents a range of career options in ____ and ____. a. research; sociology b. therapy; philosophy c. research; therapy d. therapy; sociology

The field of biological psychology presents a range of career options in ____ and ____.

a. research; sociology
b. therapy; philosophy
c. research; therapy
d. therapy; sociology

A director position in research would normally require at least a ____.

A director position in research would normally require at least a ____.

a. Ph.D.
b. master’s degree
c. bachelor’s degree
d. research certificate

A stroke patient might seek the aid of a(n) ____ to increase the functions of daily life.

A stroke patient might seek the aid of a(n) ____ to increase the functions of daily life.

a. neuroscientist
b. clinical psychologist
c. occupational therapist
d. neurochemist

A ____ helps people with emotional distress or troublesome behaviors, sometimes using drugs or other medical procedures.

A ____ helps people with emotional distress or troublesome behaviors, sometimes using drugs or other medical procedures.

a. clinical psychologist
b. psychiatrist
c. neuropsychologist
d. counseling psychologist