What has been found in studies that relate male homosexuality in humans to prenatal stressors?

    a.    Prenatal stress is consistently related to homosexuality in men.
    b.    There has been no evidence linking prenatal stress to homosexuality in men.
    c.    Stress during delivery is weakly related to homosexuality in men.
    *d.    The findings are inconclusive.

Hormones produced by the ovaries are required for proper maternal behavior in rats.

True   
*False   

Most homosexual men, as compared to heterosexual men, have:

    a.    higher levels of estrogen.
    b.    higher levels of testosterone.
    *c.    testosterone levels within the same range.
    d.    lower levels of testosterone.

There are obvious differences in external anatomy of homosexual humans compared to heterosexual humans.

True   
*False   

In general, men are more jealous of sexual infidelity than women.

*True   
False   

In support of the hypothesis that genes that produce homosexuality in men may be beneficial for their female relatives, women from a homosexual man's maternal side of the family are more likely to:

    *a.    have more children.
    b.    be homosexual.
    c.    be wealthy.
    d.    have androgen insensitivity.

In the Dominican Republic, certain genetic males who were regarded in early childhood as girls have developed into boys at puberty. What happened to their gender identity?

    a.    Most developed a confused gender identity.
    b.    About half developed a clear male identity; the other half developed a clear female identity.
    c.    Most retained a clear female gender identity.
    *d.    Most adopted a clear male gender identity.

Excessive androgen secretion from the adrenal gland is known as:

    a.    hermaphroditism.
    *b.    congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
    c.    androgen insensitivity syndrome.
    d.    testicular feminization syndrome.

Which of the following would probably develop as an intersex?

    a.    A genetic male exposed to more estradiol than normal during early development.
    b.    A genetic male exposed to a larger than normal amount of testosterone during early development.
    c.    A genetic female deprived of her normal amount of estradiol during early development.
    *d.    A genetic female exposed to more testosterone than normal during early development.

Nature's "default setting" is to make every mammal a female in its external anatomy.

*True   
False   

Organizing effects of hormones usually occur early in development.

*True   
False   

Which of the following tends to be more important for women than men in choosing a mate?

    a.    health
    *b.    earning potential
    c.    intelligence
    d.    physical attractiveness

In regard to parental behavior exhibited by rats and mice, hormonal changes:

    a.    make no difference in parental behavior.
    b.    are necessary for such behavior.
    c.    are necessary for parental behavior by males, but not by females.
    *d.    are not necessary, but it speeds up the onset of such behavior.

At what point in the menstrual cycle, if any, are women who are not on birth-control pills most likely to initiate sexual activity?

    a.    At any point in the menstrual cycle.
    b.    Just before the next menstrual period.
    c.    Just after the end of menstruation.
    *d.    About midway between two menstrual periods.

High levels of estrogen and progesterone will prevent ovulation.

*True   
False  

Testosterone levels continue to increase throughout a human male's lifetime.

True   
*False  

During the menstrual cycle, estradiol and progesterone levels increase and decrease under the influence of hormones released by which gland?

    a.    pineal
    b.    adrenal
    *c.    pituitary
    d.    thyroid

Sildenafil (Viagra) works by:

    a.    decreasing dopamine release in the hypothalamus.
    *b.    increasing release of nitric oxide in the hypothalamus and penis.
    c.    blocking pain receptors in the spinal cord.
    d.    increasing sensitivity to female's pheromones.

In the rodent brain, testosterone is aromatized into estradiol.

*True   
False 

By blocking dopamine release, some antidepressant drugs that increase serotonin levels also:

    *a.    decrease sexual activity.
    b.    cause permanent organizational defects.
    c.    shrink the SDN.
    d.    increase sexual activity.