Which ganglion cells, if any, are located mostly in or near the fovea?

    a.    They are all distributed equally.
    b.    magnocellular
    *c.    parvocellular
    d.    koniocellular

In the vertebrate retina, which cells are responsible for lateral inhibition?

    a.    ganglion cells
    b.    bipolar cells
    c.    glial cells
    *d.    horizontal cells

The enhancement of contrast at the edge of an object is the result of:

    a.    the diffraction of light from the edge's surface.
    b.    the color of the object.
    c.    fatigue of the rods and cones.
    *d.    lateral inhibition in the retina.

Color constancy is the ability to:

    a.    see color, even in very faint light.
    b.    differentiate among many colors and hues.
    c.    perceive all wavelengths as the same color.
    *d.    recognize the color of an object despite changes in lighting.

Which theory emphasizes the idea that color vision depends on the relative responses of three kinds of cones?

    a.    opponent-process theory
    b.    volley theory
    c.    retinal theory
    *d.    Young-Helmholtz theory

Which receptors are responsible for the perception of color?

    a.    both rods and cones
    b.    horizontal and amacrine cells
    *c.    cones
    d.    rods

Color perception depends MOSTLY on the:

    *a.    parvocellular pathway.
    b.    superior colliculus.
    c.    lateral geniculate.
    d.    magnocellular pathway.

Joe has suffered brain damage that has left him unable to recognize the faces of his wife and children, although he can identify them by their voices. What is Joe's condition?

    a.    lateral inhibition
    b.    aphasia
    c.    motion blindness
    *d.    prosopagnosia

If we compare the receptive fields of two simple cells in the primary visual cortex, chosen at random, in what way are they most likely to differ?

    *a.    Orientation (angle) of a line that they respond to.
    b.    The size of their receptive field.
    c.    Whether they respond to colored light as well as white light.
    d.    Shape.

Which of the following would most strongly excite a simple cell in the primary visual cortex?

    a.    donut
    *b.    square picture frame
    c.    diffuse light throughout the visual field
    d.    loud sound

Damage to the dorsal stream may interfere with:

    a.    remembering something seen at a previous time.
    b.    describing what is seen.
    c.    perceiving the movement of an object.
    *d.    reaching out to grasp an object.

Once within the cerebral cortex, the parvocellular pathway continues as a pathway sensitive to:

    a.    depth.
    *b.    details of shape.
    c.    visual memories.
    d.    movement.

Visual information from the lateral geniculate area goes to the:

    a.    retina.
    b.    hypothalamus.
    *c.    primary visual cortex.
    d.    thalamus.

Small receptive fields are to ________ cells as large receptive fields are to ________ cells.

    a.    magnocellular; parvocellular
    b.    magnocellular; koniocellular
    *c.    parvocellular; magnocellular
    d.    koniocellular; parvocellular

In the vertebrate retina, which cells are responsible for lateral inhibition?

    a.    glial cells
    *b.    horizontal cells
    c.    bipolar cells
    d.    ganglion cells

Cutting the left optic nerve in front of the optic chiasm would result in blindness in ________.

    a.    the right eye
    *b.    the left eye
    c.    peripheral vision of both eyes
    d.    the left visual field

If a bipolar cell in the visual system increases its rate of firing when responding to the color red, it will decrease its rate of firing when stimulated by what color?

    a.    yellow
    b.    white
    *c.    green
    d.    blue

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, the most important factor in determining the color we see is the:

    a.    velocity of the action potential.
    b.    difference between cone and rod activity.
    *c.    relative activity of short, medium, and long wavelengths.
    d.    absolute activity of a single cone.

Which receptors are responsible for the perception of color?

    a.    horizontal and amacrine cells
    b.    rods
    c.    both rods and cones
    *d.    cones

What are the two kinds of receptors in the retina?

    a.    bipolar and ganglion cells
    b.    amacrine and horizontal
    *c.    rods and cones
    d.    ganglion and rods