Low frequencies travel farther along the basilar membrane than high frequencies.

*True  
False  

The pinna helps us identify the location of a sound.

*True  
False  

What is a "specific anosmia"?

    a.    A chemical released by one animal that exerts a specific effect on another animal.
    b.    A strong preference for a particular smell.
    c.    An odorous chemical that excites all olfactory receptors.
    *d.    An inability to smell a particular substance.

Exposure to an extremely salty substance decreases sensitivity to other salty substances. What is this phenomenon called?

    *a.    adaptation
    b.    analgesia
    c.    umami
    d.    olfaction

What is the relationship between pain and itch?

    a.    Itch and pain are different, but both are reduced by opiate drugs.
    b.    Itch and pain are different, but both are increased by opiate drugs.
    *c.    Pain inhibits itch.
    d.    Itch is a mild form of pain.

How does an injection of capsaicin into the spinal cord lead to an insensitivity to pain?

    a.    It hyperpolarizes neural membranes.
    b.    It blocks sodium channels.
    c.    It stimulates neurotransmitters that compete with pain messages.
    *d.    It depletes substance P from neurons that transmit pain messages.

What process is predicted by the gate theory of pain?

    a.    The intensity of pain experience depends entirely on the excitability of pain receptors.
    b.    Intense pain can shut out all other sensory information.
    c.    Pain information grows more intense as it passes each synapse on its way to the brain.
    *d.    Non-pain information can inhibit pain information.

Enkephalins:

    a.    have chemical structures just like morphine.
    *b.    can interact with the same receptors as morphine.
    c.    are human-made drugs which mimic endorphins.
    d.    increase pain.

The sensory aspect of pain activates the ________ cortex, whereas the emotional aspect activates the ________ cortex.

    *a.    somatosensory, cingulate
    b.    premotor, fusiform
    c.    fusiform, premotor
    d.    cingulate, somatosensory

A mild pain stimulus is associated with a release of:

    a.    neuromodulators.
    b.    substance P and glutamate.
    c.    substance P.
    *d.    glutamate.

Pacinian corpuscles respond best to:

    a.    horizontal head movements.
    b.    slow mechanical movements.
    c.    low frequency sounds.
    *d.    rapid mechanical pressure.

The function of the semicircular canals is to:

    a.    locate the source of high frequency tones.
    b.    locate the source of low frequency tones.
    c.    establish a sense of direction while traveling.
    *d.    detect movement of the head.

What does the vestibular system detect?

    a.    vibrations on the skin
    b.    the location of sounds
    *c.    movement of the head
    d.    the degree of stretch of muscles

A sound shadow refers to:

    *a.    how much louder a high-frequency sound is for the ear closest to the sound.
    b.    out of phase sound waves.
    c.    in phase sound waves.
    d.    the time it takes sound waves to reach the ears.

Supertasters are more likely to enjoy spicy foods.

True  
*False 

Taste receptors are continually being replaced.

*True  
False  

If the cochlea suffers damage but it is confined to one part of the cochlea, that individual will lose:

    a.    all hearing.
    b.    hearing of certain loudnesses of sound.
    c.    hearing of certain rhythms of sound.
    *d.    hearing of certain frequencies of sound.

Conductive deafness is also known as:

    a.    inner ear deafness.
    *b.    middle ear deafness.
    c.    outer ear deafness.
    d.    nerve deafness.

People with massive damage to the primary auditory cortex:

    a.    can no longer hear and recognize simple sounds.
    *b.    cannot recognize combinations or sequences of sounds.
    c.    are rendered deaf to only high-frequency sounds.
    d.    are rendered completely deaf.

The fact that the refractory period limits the firing rate of a neuron is problematic for which of the following?

    a.    Both the frequency theory and the place theory.
    b.    Volley theory.
    *c.    Frequency theory.
    d.    Place theory.